These organelles perform different functions that we will discuss in detail. Plant cell includes different components inside it that are known as cell organelles. ![]() To understand the different parts of a plant cell, we need to have a look at its diagram as given below: Let us look at each of these components and their functions inside a plant cell in detail: The plant cell contains different components inside it, the cell wall, and these components have different functions. Plant cells can be defined as the eukaryotic cells with a true nucleus along with specialized structures called organelles that carry out certain specific functions.Ī cell wall surrounds the plant cell and provides a shape to it. To have a better understanding of the same, let us take a detailed look at the plant cell, its structure, and the functions of different plant cell organelles. The plant cell is surrounded by a cell wall which is responsible for providing shape to the plant cell.ĭifferent cellular activities are associated with cell walls and other organelles. Like animals and human beings, an infinite number of cells also create plants. The structure is multicellular and they can grow up to 50 m long.The basic unit of life in all organisms is known as a cell. These types have a habitat on rocky coasts in temperate zones or open seas (cold waters). These materials are a division of Phaeophyta. These types of algae contain chlorophylls a and c, and examples of the algae include brown algae (golden-brown algae), kelp, and diatoms. The figure below shows a schematic of where Protista fits with other classifications of Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Eubacteria, and Archaebacteria.Īlgae can also be classified based on chlorophyll content. So how are algae classified?Īlgae belong to the Protista kingdom. It absorbs light and transfers light energy to ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in almost all plant algae and cyanobacteria. They have five kinds of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, c, d, and f) and have many accessory pigments that are blue, red, brown, and gold. Contain chlorophyllĪlgae are mostly photosynthetic, like plants. Freshwater algae grow in animals, aquatic plants, farm dams, sewage, lakes, rivers, lagoons, snow, mud/sand, and soil. The typical conditions for algae are moist, tropical regions and they can grow in marine and freshwater. There is a wide variety of growth environments for algae. These organisms lack a waxy cuticle (the wax in terrestrial plants prevents water loss). Membrane-bound cell organelles are absent Membrane-bound cell organelles are present The nuclear region (nucleoid) is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane Nuclear materials surrounded by a membrane The table shows a comparison of both these types of cells.Ĭredit: Prokaryote: from Comparison of eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. There are labels for the different parts of the organisms, but I will not require you to know this information in detail - it is there so if you have a desire to look up more information, you can. Some do not consider the prokaryotes as true algae because they have a different structure, but most include these in the family of algae. The second figure below shows the cell structure of a prokaryote, a bacterium, one of two groups of prokaryotic life. The structure of a eukaryote (a typical plant cell) is shown in the first figure below. ![]() Eukaryotic organisms:Īs mentioned above, algae are eukaryotic organisms. So what are the characteristics of algae? 1. ![]() ![]() Composition of algae – protein, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acid. Table 10.3 shows the composition of various algae looking at the percentages of protein, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acid. These are typical components of growing plants - however, the components we are interested in are lipid droplets, which are oils that can be extracted from the algae.Īlgae is composed of ~ 50% carbon, 10% nitrogen, and 2% phosphorus. Within the cell, there are layers of phycobilisomes, photosynthetic lamellae, ribosomes, protein granules, and circular DNA known as nucleoids. Just beneath the cell wall is a plasma membrane. The cell has a wall with a gelatinous coat. The figure below shows the cellular composition of blue-algae and the subsequent one shows a micrograph of the cells. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes, which lack membrane-bound organelles and have a single circular chromosome. They live in moist environments, mostly aquatic, and contain chlorophyll.Īlgae are not terrestrial plants, which have 1) true roots, stems, and leaves, 2) vascular (conducting) tissues, such as xylem, and phloem, and 3) lack of non-reproductive cells in the reproductive structures. Algae are eukaryotic organisms, which are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other structures (organelles) enclosed within membranes.
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